Principlev1
Distinguish between systematic bias (errors in a consistent
Distinguish between systematic bias (errors in a consistent direction) and noise (random scatter) because they require fundamentally different correction strategies.
Why This Is a Principle
This principle implements the Kahneman et al. noise vs. bias distinction. It derives from axioms about systematic error and prescribes different interventions: bias requires directional adjustment, noise requires aggregation. This is actionable and prevents misapplication of debiasing strategies.